Defect Category

Defect

Description

a. Reinstatement not permanent

Temporary Reinstatement

Temporary reinstatement or incomplete permanent reinstatement

b. Reinstatement Tolerance

(See Section 6.8.2 of the Purple Book guidelines)

Edge Depression

Vertical step at the interface of the reinstatement and the existing surface

Surface Depression

Depressed area / dishing within the reinstatement

Surface Crowning

Reinstatement is above the mean level of the existing adjacent surface

Combined Defect

Any combination of Intervention type defects

Fixed Feature

Specified tolerance for ironwork/kerbs has been exceeded

c. Surface Defect

Surface Material

Identify/verify compliance of all Surfacing Materials used for the reinstatement.

Ravelling

Progressive loss of binder & aggregate chippings from the pavement surface. Common on flexible surfaces.

Bleeding

Fatting up or excess bituminous material on the pavement surface.

Common on flexible surfaces

Wear and Polishing

Worn surface from traffic wearing off the surface mortar. Common on concrete surfaces

Pop-Outs

Individual pieces of large aggregate popping out of the surface. Common on concrete surfaces

Scaling

Loss of fine aggregate and mortar. More extensive scaling can cause loss of larger aggregate. Common on concrete surfaces

d. Pavement Deformation

Rutting

Permanent longitudinal deformation in the wheel path caused by traffic loading. Common on flexible surfaces.

Surface Distortion

Permanent surface deformation (excluding rutting). Common on flexible surfaces.

Faulting

Difference in elevation across a joint or crack. Common on concrete surfaces.

e. Cracks

Alligator Cracking

Series of interconnected cracks forming small, sharp angled polygons ranging in size from about 25mm to 125mm resembling chicken wire. Common on flexible surfaces.

Edge Cracking and Breakup

➢Singular/multiple cracking within 300mm of the pavement edge, or

➢Pavement edge showing considerable breakup, or

➢Breakup of pavement edge including any mix of potholes, cracking & patching along the pavement edge

All common on flexible surfaces

Induced Cracking

Cracking of existing road due to trench work

Other Cracking

➢Longitudinal cracks parallel to centreline - Common on all surfaces

➢Transverse cracks at right angles to the centreline. Common on all surfaces.

➢Reflective cracks from pavement base. Common on all surfaces.

➢Slippage cracking of the road surface - Common on flexible surfaces

➢Meander cracks are cracks that appear to wander randomly. Common on concrete surfaces

➢Hairline cracks are only a few hundred mm long and formed during the curing of the concrete

Corner Breaks

Diagonal cracks near the corner of a concrete slab, forming a triangle with a longitudinal and transverse joint - Common on concrete surfaces

Shattered Slab

Slabs divided into 4 or more pieces with severe damage/faulting/spalling along the crack edges. Common on concrete surfaces.

f. Surface Openings

Potholes

Bowl shaped depressions where part of the pavement has been removed. Common on flexible and concrete surfaces

Road Disintegration

➢Loss of road surface

➢Breakup of road into craters with <50% of the road width available to traffic

All common on flexible surfaces.

g. Manholes/Ironwork

(Flexible & Concrete Surfaces)

Ironwork Level

The level of the ironwork has not been set correctly, or has moved relative to the adjoining pavement level

Joint Sealing

No joint sealer has been used while installing the ironwork, or the joint sealer has failed

Failure of Adjoining Pavement, surround

Defect categories a,b,c,d or e in the immediate vicinity of the ironwork

Unmarked utility cover

Cover not marked with owner details

h. Joints

Joint Seal Damage (Concrete Surfaces only)

➢The joints between concrete slabs have widened, or

➢Joint sealant has been removed, or

➢Spalling, where there is a loss of a piece of the concrete pavement from the edges of the joint.

i. Footway specific defects

Concrete finish

➢Concrete not laid properly

➢Concrete finish too rough

Kerbs

➢Damaged / Chipped Kerbs

➢Missing Kerbs

Modular Stone Paving laid incorrectly

Paving not installed correctly

Modular Concrete Paving laid incorrectly

Paving not installed correctly

Trip Hazards

Trip hazard on paving / kerb

j. Product specification

Products used do not comply with specification

Identify/verify that products used comply with the specification (e.g. Ironmongery, Road Markings and other affected Road Assets)

k. Street Furniture

Missing street furniture

Street furniture removed and not reinstated

Damaged street furniture

Street furniture damaged during works

l. Road Markings / Signs

Missing Road Markings

Road marking removed and not reinstated

Missing Signs

Road sign removed and not reinstated

m. Traffic Loops

Damaged traffic loops

Traffic loops in road damaged by road opening works

n. Drainage

Poor surface drainage

Reinstatement has changed pavement profile resulting in drainage issues